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<p>1960&#x5E74; &#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x660E;&#x53CA;&#x5E94;&#x7528;</p>
<pre class="language-text">1960&#x5E74;5&#x6708;15&#x65E5;&#xFF0C;&#x7F8E;&#x56FD;&#x52A0;&#x5229;&#x798F;&#x5C3C;&#x4E9A;&#x5DDE;&#x4F11;&#x65AF;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x5BA4;&#x7684;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x5BB6;&#x6885;&#x66FC;&#x5BA3;&#x5E03;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x4E86;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E3A;0.6943&#x5FAE;&#x7C73;&#x7684;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4EBA;&#x7C7B;&#x6709;&#x53F2;&#x4EE5;&#x6765;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x675F;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x6885;&#x66FC;&#x56E0;&#x800C;&#x4E5F;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x4E0A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C06;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x5B9E;&#x7528;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x79D1;&#x5B66;&#x5BB6;&#x3002;

&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8D77;&#x6E90;&#x4E8E;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x5BB6;&#x7231;&#x56E0;&#x65AF;&#x5766;&#xFF0C;1917&#x5E74;&#x7231;&#x56E0;&#x65AF;&#x5766;&#x63D0;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x5957;&#x5168;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x2018;&#x5149;&#x4E0E;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x8BF4;&#x5728;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#xFF08;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#xFF09;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x80FD;&#x7EA7;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x9AD8;&#x80FD;&#x7EA7;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x53D7;&#x5230;&#x67D0;&#x79CD;&#x5149;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x6FC0;&#x53D1;&#x3002;&#x4F1A;&#x4ECE;&#x9AD8;&#x80FD;&#x7EA7;&#x8DF3;&#x5230;&#xFF08;&#x8DC3;&#x8FC1;&#xFF09;&#x5230;&#x4F4E;&#x80FD;&#x7EA7;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x8F90;&#x5C04;&#x51FA;&#x4E0E;&#x6FC0;&#x53D1;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x79CD;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x80FD;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F31;&#x5149;&#x6FC0;&#x53D1;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F3A;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x201C;&#x53D7;&#x6FC0;&#x8F90;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x653E;&#x5927;&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x7B80;&#x79F0;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x3002;
</pre>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9B%B8%E8%A1%AC%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C">&#x76F8;&#x886C;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C;</h3>

<p><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9B%B8%E8%A1%AC%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/22709023?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&#x76F8;&#x79F0;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x6280;&#x672F; - &#x767E;&#x5EA6;&#x767E;&#x79D1;</strong></a></p>
<p><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9B%B8%E7%A7%B0%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C/15527012?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C; - &#x767E;&#x5EA6;&#x767E;&#x79D1;</strong></a></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86">&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x539F;&#x7406;</h4>

<pre class="language-text">&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x6210;&#x50CF;
&#x3000;&#x3000;&#x4EBA;&#x7684;&#x773C;&#x775B;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x660E;&#x4E0E;&#x6697;&#x4E4B;&#x5DEE;&#xFF08;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x989C;&#x8272;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF08;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x5DEE;&#x522B;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x65E0;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#x3002;
&#x3000;&#x3000;&#x5149;&#x5BF9;&#x65E0;&#x8272;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#xFF08;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#xFF09;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x660E;&#x3001;&#x6697;&#x548C;&#x989C;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x53EA;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x6240;&#x8C13;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x5DEE;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x5DEE;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x7528;&#x8089;&#x773C;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x770B;&#x4E0D;&#x89C1;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#x4E86;&#x3002;
&#x3000;&#x3000;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x963F;&#x8D1D;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x3002;

&#x5149;&#x8DEF;&#x539F;&#x7406;
&#x3000;&#x3000;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x5149;&#x8DEF;&#x6BD4;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C;&#x591A;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;&#x73AF;&#x5F62;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#xFF08;annular diaphragm&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x677F; &#xFF08;annular phaseplate &#xFF09;
&#x3000;&#x3000;&#x73AF;&#x5F62;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#xFF1A;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x548C;&#x805A;&#x5149;&#x5668;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x73AF;&#x72B6;&#x5B54;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x76F4;&#x5F84;&#x548C;&#x5B54;&#x5BBD;&#x662F;&#x4E0E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x76F8;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x5706;&#x73AF;&#x6240;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x50CF;&#x6070;&#x597D;&#x843D;&#x5728;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x540E;&#x7126;&#x70B9;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x548C;&#x76F8;&#x677F;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x5171;&#x8F6D;&#x9762;&#x91CD;&#x5408;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x672A;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x504F;&#x659C;&#x7684;&#x76F4;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x4FBF;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5171;&#x8F6D;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x76F4;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x6240;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x50CF;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x65C1;&#x50CF;&#x4E2D;&#x5206;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x3002;
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&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x805A;&#x5149;&#x955C;&#x53CA;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x73AF;&#x6240;&#x6784;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x73AF;&#x72B6;&#x5149;&#x5708;&#xFF0C;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E2D;&#x7A7A;&#x5149;&#x9525;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; &#x805A;&#x5149;&#x955C;&#x3001;&#x7A7F;&#x8FC7;&#x68C0;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;&#x4F4D;&#x73AF;&#x677F;&#x800C;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x68C0;&#x4F53;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x6307;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x9020;&#x6210;&#x7ED5;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x675F;&#x4E0E;&#x76F4;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x675F;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x660E;&#x6697;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x88C5;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x5148;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x805A;&#x5149;&#x955C;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0E;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x500D;&#x7387;&#x4E4B;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x73AF;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x4EAE;&#x73AF;&#x4E0E;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x6697;&#x73AF;&#x914D;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x805A;&#x5149;&#x955C;&#x4E0A;&#x4EAE;&#x73AF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x4E4B;&#x91CD;&#x53E0;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;
</pre>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%AA%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84">&#x56DB;&#x4E2A;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF1A;</h4>

<ol>
<li>&#x76F8;&#x79F0;&#x7269;&#x955C;</li>
<li>&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x73AF;&#x72B6;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#x7684;&#x8F6C;&#x76D8;&#x805A;&#x5149;&#x5668;</li>
<li>&#x5408;&#x8F74;&#x8C03;&#x4E2D;&#x671B;&#x8FDC;&#x955C;</li>
<li>&#x7EFF;&#x8272;&#x6EE4;&#x5149;&#x7247;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#xFF1A;&#x628A;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x4E2D;&#x7F13;&#x6162;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x4F4E;&#x9891;&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x628A;&#x6025;&#x5267;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x9AD8;&#x9891;&#x201D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;&#x4EE5;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x4E3A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x5F81;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x6A2A;&#x5411;&#x76F8;&#x79FB;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="11-%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E7%BB%84">1.1 &#x9EA6;&#x514B;&#x65AF;&#x97E6;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x7EC4;</h2>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>j</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mtext>&#x5728;&#x65E0;&#x6E90;&#x533A;&#x57DF;</mtext><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla\cdot\vec{D} = \rho\\
\nabla\times\vec{E} = -\frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t}\\
\nabla\cdot\vec{B} = 0\\
\nabla\times\vec{H} = \vec{j} + \frac{\partial\vec{D}}{\partial t}\\
&#x5728;&#x65E0;&#x6E90;&#x533A;&#x57DF;\\
\nabla\cdot\vec{D} = 0\\
\nabla\times\vec{E} = -\frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t}\\
\nabla\cdot\vec{B} = 0\\
\nabla\times\vec{H} = \frac{\partial\vec{D}}{\partial t}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.17994em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x5728;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x65E0;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x6E90;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x533A;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x57DF;</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.17994em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
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3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
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-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.32933em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.64333em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.17994em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x6563;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla\cdot\vec{A}=\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial z}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.09660999999999997em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.25188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x65CB;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true">&#x2223;</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.15999999999999992em" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>z</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd><mtd><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mstyle></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true">&#x2223;</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>y</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>x</mi></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>z</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla\times\vec{A}=
\left|
    \begin{matrix}
        e_x&amp;e_y&amp;e_z\\
        \frac{\partial}{\partial x}&amp;\frac{\partial}{\partial y}&amp;\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\\
        A_x&amp;A_y&amp;A_z\\
    \end{matrix}
\right|
= (\frac{\partial F_z}{\partial F_y}-\frac{\partial F_y}{\partial F_z})\vec{x_0}+(\frac{\partial F_x}{\partial F_z}-\frac{\partial F_z}{\partial F_x})\vec{y_0}+(\frac{\partial F_y}{\partial F_x}-\frac{\partial F_x}{\partial F_y})\vec{z_0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.09660999999999997em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.761216em;vertical-align:-1.6306080000000005em;"></span><span class="minner"><span class="mopen"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.0919600000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.05597em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.65697em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2579700000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.8589700000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.45997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.4909600000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.09196em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.5500299999999998em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mtable"><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1306079999999996em;"><span style="top:-4.290608em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0504999999999995em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8801079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.7293919999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6306080000000005em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1306079999999996em;"><span style="top:-4.290608em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0504999999999995em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8801079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.481108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.7293919999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6306080000000005em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="arraycolsep" style="width:0.5em;"></span><span class="col-align-c"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.1306079999999996em;"><span style="top:-4.290608em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0504999999999995em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8801079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-1.7293919999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.6306080000000005em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.0919600000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.05597em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-1.65697em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.2579700000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.8589700000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.45997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.4909600000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.09196em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.606em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>&#x2223;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.5500299999999998em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.343548em;vertical-align:-0.972108em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.972108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.714em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.2355em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
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H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.714em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.2355em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.343548em;vertical-align:-0.972108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">F</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.972108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.714em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.04398em;">z</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.04398em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.2355em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B">&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla^2 \vec{E} - \frac{1}{v^2}\frac{\partial^2E}{\partial t^2} = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0496599999999998em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.15216em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
3.333 2.667 6.667 9 10 19 6.667 24.667 20.333 43.667 41 57 7.333 4.667 11
10.667 11 18 0 6-1 10-3 12s-6.667 5-14 9c-28.667 14.667-53.667 35.667-75 63
-1.333 1.333-3.167 3.5-5.5 6.5s-4 4.833-5 5.5c-1 .667-2.5 1.333-4.5 2s-4.333 1
-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
H213l-171-1c-8.667-6-13-12.333-13-19 0-4.667 4.333-11.333 13-20h359
c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.177108em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B">&#x4EA5;&#x59C6;&#x970D;&#x5179;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>k</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla^2 U(r) + k^2 U(r) = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">U</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E5%A4%96%E5%B7%AE%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B">&#x5149;&#x5916;&#x5DEE;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;</h3>

<p><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%89%E5%A4%96%E5%B7%AE%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B/22689344?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&#x5149;&#x5916;&#x5DEE;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B; - &#x767E;&#x5EA6;&#x767E;&#x79D1;</a></p>
<pre class="language-text">&#x5149;&#x5916;&#x5DEE;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x3002;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6027;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x5668;&#x4F5C;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x672C;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x4E0E;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5149;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x6781;&#x4E3A;&#x63A5;&#x8FD1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x672C;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x548C;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5149;&#x5728;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x654F;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x62CD;&#x9891;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x5668;&#x5BF9;&#x62CD;&#x9891;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x9AD8;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E2D;&#x9891;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x6D41;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x51FA;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5149;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x5916;&#x5DEE;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x5668;&#x5149;&#x654F;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5149;&#x9891;&#x5916;&#x5DEE;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x4E5F;&#x5E38;&#x5E38;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x3002;
</pre>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%AF%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F">&#x8BC1;&#x5B9E;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x901F;</h3>

<p>&#x8D6B;&#x5179;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x7528;&#x9A7B;&#x6CE2;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5148;&#x6D4B;&#x51FA;&#x9A7B;&#x6CE2;&#x6CE2;&#x8282;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;</li>
<li>&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x9EA6;&#x514B;&#x65AF;&#x97E6;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x901F;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x901F;&#xFF0C;&#x7B97;&#x51FA;&#x8BE5;&#x7684;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x8361;&#x5468;&#x671F;</li>
<li>&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x632F;&#x8361;&#x5668;&#x632F;&#x8361;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x51FA;&#x5076;&#x6781;&#x632F;&#x8361;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x8361;&#x5468;&#x671F;</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B">&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;</h3>

<p>&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x63CF;&#x5199;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x5728;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x573A;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3C3;</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D = \varepsilon(E_1,E_2,E_3)\\
B = \mu(H_1,H_2,H_3)\\
j = \sigma(E_1,E_2,E_3)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3B5;</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C3;</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5404;&#x5411;&#x540C;&#x6027;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mi>E</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi>H</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3C3;</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D=\varepsilon E ,B=\mu H,j=\sigma E</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3B5;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C3;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mrow><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mi>&#x3BC;</mi></mrow></msqrt></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">v=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon\mu}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.4220285em;vertical-align:-0.5769205em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord sqrt mtight"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.708685em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mtight" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3B5;</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3BC;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.668685em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail mtight" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.08em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
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<p>&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x771F;&#x7A7A;&#x4E2D;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></msqrt></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0\mu_0}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.4220285em;vertical-align:-0.5769205em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord sqrt mtight"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.708685em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mtight" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3B5;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3BC;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.668685em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail mtight" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.08em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
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<p>&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow></msqrt></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n = \sqrt{\varepsilon_r\mu_r}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.04em;vertical-align:-0.33693999999999996em;"></span><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70306em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3B5;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.66306em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.08em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
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<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x7684;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu_r\approx1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6775599999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span>,&#x56E0;&#x800C;&#x6709;&#x9EA6;&#x514B;&#x65AF;&#x97E6;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><msub><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></msqrt></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=\sqrt{\varepsilon_r}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.04em;vertical-align:-0.31472em;"></span><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.72528em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:0.833em;"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3B5;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-2.68528em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:0.853em;height:1.08em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.08em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
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<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6">&#x8FB9;&#x754C;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mo>\oiint</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>12</mn></msub><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mo>&#x222D;</mo><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>\oiint</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>12</mn></msub><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>12</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\oiint \vec{B}\cdot\vec{n}ds = 0\\
n_{12}\cdot(\vec{B_1}-\vec{B_2})=0\\
\iiint\rho dV = \oiint \vec{D} \cdot \vec{n}ds\\
D_1 \cdot n_{12} - D_2 \cdot n_{12} = \rho_{sur}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.222em;vertical-align:-0.862em;"></span><span class="mop vlist-t vlist-t2" style="position:relative;top:-0.0010000000000000564em;"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3599999999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.3600000000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3600000000000003em;"></span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op" style="margin-right:0.44445em;">&#x222C;</span></span><span style="top:-3.2800000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3600000000000003em;"></span><span class="overlay" style="height:0.659em;width:1.472em;"><svg width="1.472em" height="0.659em" style="width:1.472em" viewbox="0 0 1472 659" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M757.8 100.1c384.7 0 451.1 137.6 451.1 230 0 91.3-66.4 228.8
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c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.222em;vertical-align:-0.862em;"></span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op" style="margin-right:0.44445em;position:relative;top:-0.0009999999999999454em;">&#x222D;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.22222em;">V</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.222em;vertical-align:-0.862em;"></span><span class="mop vlist-t vlist-t2" style="position:relative;top:-0.0010000000000000564em;"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3599999999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.3600000000000003em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3600000000000003em;"></span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op" style="margin-right:0.44445em;">&#x222C;</span></span><span style="top:-3.2800000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.3600000000000003em;"></span><span class="overlay" style="height:0.659em;width:1.472em;"><svg width="1.472em" height="0.659em" style="width:1.472em" viewbox="0 0 1472 659" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M757.8 100.1c384.7 0 451.1 137.6 451.1 230 0 91.3-66.4 228.8
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<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#x9762;&#x65F6;&#x78C1;&#x611F;&#x5E94;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x6CD5;&#x5411;&#x5206;&#x91CF;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E24;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4EA4;&#x754C;&#x5904;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x9762;&#x7535;&#x8377;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7535;&#x4F4D;&#x79FB;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6CD5;&#x5411;&#x5206;&#x91CF;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x7535;&#x8377;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1B;&#x5F53;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x9762;&#x7535;&#x8377;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7535;&#x4F4D;&#x79FB;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6CD5;&#x5411;&#x5206;&#x91CF;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E24;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4EA4;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x65F6;&#x7535;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5207;&#x5411;&#x5206;&#x91CF;&#x662F;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x9762;&#x7535;&#x6D41;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>j</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j_{sur}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05724em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;H&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x5207;&#x5411;&#x5206;&#x91CF;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x7A81;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>j</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>12</mn></msub><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">j_{sur}\times\vec{n_{12}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05724em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.864em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.714em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.2355em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A8%E5%AF%BC">&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;</h3>

<p>&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x6765;&#x6E90;&#x4E8E;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x9EA6;&#x514B;&#x65AF;&#x97E6;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x7EC4;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla\cdot\vec{D} = 0\\
\nabla\times\vec{E} = -\frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t}\\
\nabla\cdot\vec{B} = 0\\
\nabla\times\vec{H} = \frac{\partial\vec{D}}{\partial t}\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.17994em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.15216em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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-7 1c-4.667 0-9.167-1.833-13.5-5.5S337 184 337 178c0-12.667 15.667-32.333 47-59
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla\times(\nabla\times E) = \nabla(\nabla\cdot E) - \nabla^2 E\\
\nabla\times(-\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}) = -\nabla^2 E\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mu\nabla\times(-\frac{\partial H}{\partial t}) = -\nabla^2 E\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">-\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\nabla\times H) = -\nabla^2 E\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">-\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\frac{\partial D}{\partial t}) = -\nabla^2 E\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3BC;</mi><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2207;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mover accent="true"><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x20D7;</mo></mover><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2202;</mi><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">-\mu\varepsilon\frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\frac{\partial E}{\partial t}) = -\nabla^2 E\\
\nabla^2 \vec{E} - \frac{1}{v^2}\frac{\partial^2E}{\partial t^2} = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BC;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3B5;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474379999999999em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0496599999999998em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2207;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9663299999999999em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.25233em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.15216em;"><span class="overlay" style="height:0.714em;width:0.471em;"><svg width="0.471em" height="0.714em" style="width:0.471em" viewbox="0 0 471 714" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin"><path d="M377 20c0-5.333 1.833-10 5.5-14S391 0 397 0c4.667 0 8.667 1.667 12 5
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c-16-25.333-24-45-24-59z"/></svg></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.177108em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="margin-right:0.05556em;">&#x2202;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0">&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h3>

<p>&#x6CE2;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x6709;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x3001;&#x7403;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x3001;&#x67F1;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x7B49;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x7B80;&#x8C10;&#x6CE2;&#x53CA;&#x5176;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>c</mi></mfrac><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E(r,t) = Acos(\frac{\omega}{c}nk_0\cdot r - \omega t)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.7935600000000003em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>k&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x77E2;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>c</mi></mfrac><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k=\frac{\omega}{c}nk_0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.040392em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.695392em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03148em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>&#x3C5;</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k=\frac{\omega}{\upsilon}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.040392em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.695392em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C5;</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>k&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x662F;&#x6CE2;&#x9635;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6CD5;&#x7EBF;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x3002;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#xFF0C;w&#x662F;&#x89D2;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x3002;&#x6709;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi><mi>&#x3C5;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></mfrac><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3C5;</mi><mi>T</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>T</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mi>n</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega = 2\pi\upsilon = \frac{2\pi}{T},\lambda = \upsilon T ,\lambda_0 = cT, \lambda = \frac{\lambda_0}{n}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C5;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x8FD0;&#x7B97;&#xFF0C;&#x5E38;&#x5C06;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5199;&#x6210;&#x590D;&#x6570;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E(r,t) = Aexp[i(k\cdot r - \omega t)]
E(r) = Aexp(ik\cdot r)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x7403;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x51FD;&#x6570;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E(r,t) = \frac{A_1}{|r|}exp[i(kr-\omega t)]\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.29633em;vertical-align:-0.936em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.936em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C9;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mclose">]</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span><br>
&#x67F1;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msqrt><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi></mrow></msqrt></mfrac><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">E(r,t) = \frac{A_1}{\sqrt{|r|}}exp[i(kr-\omega t)]</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.49033em;vertical-align:-1.13em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.175em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.935em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.2em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.2em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:1em;"><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.8950000000000005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.2em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:1.02em;height:1.28em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.28em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1296" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M263,681c0.7,0,18,39.7,52,119
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<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92">&#x80FD;&#x91CF;&#x5B88;&#x6052;</h3>

<p>&#x5761;&#x5370;&#x5EF7;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;</p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mi>&#x3BC;</mi></mfrac><mi>E</mi><mo>&#xD7;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S = E\times H = \frac{1}{\mu}E\times B</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.326216em;vertical-align:-0.481108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3BC;</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.481108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#xD7;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x5F3A;I&#x4E0E;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x5E45;A&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x65B9;&#x6210;&#x6B63;&#x6BD4;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msqrt><mfrac><mi>&#x3B5;</mi><mi>&#x3BC;</mi></mfrac></msqrt><msup><mi>A</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mu}}A^2}{2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.916em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:2.23em;"><span style="top:-2.406142em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.092142em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.322142em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.092142em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-4.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.092142em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.092142em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.8em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:1em;"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.695392em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3BC;</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">&#x3B5;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.481108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.052142em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:1.02em;height:1.8800000000000001em;"><svg width="400em" height="1.8800000000000001em" viewbox="0 0 400000 1944" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M983 90
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<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E5%8E%8B">&#x5149;&#x538B;</h3>

<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x7167;&#x5C04;&#x5230;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5438;&#x6536;&#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x91CF;&#x5C06;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x52A8;&#x91CF;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x548C;&#x5B88;&#x6052;&#xFF0C;</p>
<p>&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x52A8;&#x91CF;&#x6D41;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>S</mi><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>w</mi><mi>c</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g= \frac{S}{c^2} = \frac{w}{c}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.217331em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.872331em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7463142857142857em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.040392em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.695392em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x538B;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p=\frac{1+R}{2c}(H\cdot B + E \cdot D)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.217331em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.872331em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.76666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">E</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x22C5;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></p>
<p>R&#x4E3A;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7CFB;&#x6570;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E7%9A%84%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF">&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;</h3>

<p>&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x6001;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6709;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x6001;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C31;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E09;&#x7C7B;&#xFF1A;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;&#x3001;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x548C;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5EA6;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P = \frac{I_{max}-I_{min}}{I_{max}+I_{min}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.19633em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5F53;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I_{max} = I_{min}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> &#xFF0C;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5EA6;&#x4E3A;0&#xFF0C;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I_{min} = 0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">n</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> ,&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5EA6;P=1&#xFF0C;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5EA6;&#x5728;0~1&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x7247;&#xFF1A; &#x7528;&#x6765;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x7247;&#x53EB;&#x8D77;&#x504F;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x68C0;&#x9A8C;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x7247;&#x53EB;&#x68C0;&#x504F;&#x5668;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9A6C;&#x5415;&#x65AF;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><msup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>&#x3B1;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I = I_0 cos^2\alpha</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.964108em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E7%9A%84%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6-%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3-%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84">&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5438;&#x6536;&#x3001;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x3001;&#x6563;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p>&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5438;&#x6536;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>K</mi><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I=I_0exp(-KI)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>&#xFF0C;&#x6717;&#x4F2F;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#x5438;&#x6536;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;</p>
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span></span></span></span>&#x662F;&#x4ECE;&#x539A;&#x5EA6;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x8584;&#x5C42;&#x51FA;&#x5C04;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3B1;</mi><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mi>l</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I=I_0exp(-\alpha\rho l)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x2212;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5C14;&#x5438;&#x6536;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x6216;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x968F;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x800C;&#x53D8;&#x7684;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x3002;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x968F;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x66F2;&#x7EBF;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x66F2;&#x7EBF;&#x3002;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7528;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x7387;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x662F;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x968F;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x5FEB;&#x6162;&#x3002;&#x5373;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{n_2-n_1}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1} = \frac{\Delta n}{\Delta\lambda} = \frac{dn}{d\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.09633em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.2603300000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x53EF;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x5E38;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x67EF;&#x897F;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mi>b</mi><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mi>c</mi><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=a+\frac{b}{\lambda^2} + \frac{c}{\lambda^4}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.7935600000000003em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.740108em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E0D;&#x5747;&#x5300;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#xFF08;&#x6709;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x8FD0;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x3001;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x3001;&#x70DF;&#x96FE;&#x6216;&#x5C18;&#x571F;&#x7684;&#x6C14;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x6DF7;&#x5165;&#x5C0F;&#x9897;&#x7C92;&#x7684;&#x6DB2;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7F3A;&#x9677;&#x7684;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x79BB;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x3001;&#x5411;&#x56DB;&#x5468;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x7CFB;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x5EA6;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x53EF;&#x770B;&#x505A;&#x7531;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x51E0;&#x79CD;&#xFF09;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x5FAE;&#x7C92;&#xFF08;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x3001;&#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x6216;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4F53;&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5728;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x800C;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x6DF7;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E01;&#x8FBE;&#x5C14;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#xFF1A;&#x5F53;&#x4E00;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x900F;&#x8FC7;&#x80F6;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;&#x80F6;&#x4F53;&#x91CC;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x5149;&#x4EAE;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x901A;&#x8DEF;&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x4E01;&#x8FBE;&#x5C14;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p>&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5B64;&#x7ACB;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x6216;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x7EAF;&#x51C0;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x8D77;&#x4F0F;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x5C3A;&#x5BF8;&#x5C0F;&#x4E8E;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x7279;&#x5F81;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E0E;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x4E0E;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x56DB;&#x6B21;&#x65B9;&#x6210;&#x53CD;&#x6BD4;</li>
<li>&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x8F83;&#x77ED;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6BD4;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x8F83;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5F3A;&#x70C8;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4F9D;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x65B9;&#x4F4D;&#x6210;&#x54D1;&#x94C3;&#x5F62;&#x89D2;&#x5206;&#x5E03;<br>
&#x8BBE;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x662F;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5728;&#x4E0E;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x6210;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\theta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span>&#x89D2;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mo lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x22A5;</mo></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><msup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I=I_{\perp}(1+cos^2\theta)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mrel mtight">&#x22A5;</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.064108em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li>&#x745E;&#x5229;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5EA6;<br>
&#x5F53;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5404;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4E3A;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5728;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x662F;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x6CBF;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x6216;&#x5176;&#x9006;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x4ECD;&#x662F;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;&#x3002;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x4E5F;&#x4E3A;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x548C;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;</p>
<p>&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x4E3A;s&#x6CE2;&#xFF08;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#xFF09;&#x548C;p&#x6CE2;&#xFF08;&#x5E73;&#x884C;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n_1sin\theta_1 = n_2sin\theta_2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89">&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;</h3>

<p>&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#xFF1A;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x6216;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x503C;&#x53D8;&#x5230;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x503C;&#x5927;&#x4E8E;&#x90A3;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5149;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4E4B;&#x548C;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53D8;&#x4E3A;0&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86">&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x539F;&#x7406;</h3>

<p>&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x5217;&#x6CE2;&#x76F8;&#x9047;&#x800C;&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x4EA4;&#x53E0;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x67D0;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x662F;&#x5404;&#x5217;&#x6CE2;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65F6;&#x5728;&#x8BE5;&#x70B9;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6">&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;</h3>

<ol>
<li>&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x76F8;&#x540C;</li>
<li>&#x6709;&#x6052;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x5DEE;</li>
<li>&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x76F8;&#x540C;</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89">&#x6768;&#x6C0F;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mi>D</mi></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta = k\Delta = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}\Delta \approx \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(\Delta R+\frac{yd}{D})</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.0574399999999997em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><strong>&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x5149;&#x6768;&#x6C0F;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;</strong></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
lam<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">500e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
D<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ym<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>lam<span class="token operator">*</span> D<span class="token operator">/</span>d<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xs<span class="token operator">=</span>ym<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
n<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ys<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ym<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ym<span class="token punctuation">,</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span>n
rl <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">ys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> d<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span> D<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
r2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">ys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> d<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span> D<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
phi<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>r2<span class="token operator">-</span> rl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">./</span> lam<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">B</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">end</span>
N<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Br<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>B<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> N<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ys<span class="token punctuation">,</span>Br<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>N<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>B<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ys<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0">&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;</h3>

<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all 
T<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
t<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1.50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> T<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.002</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1.5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> T<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
delta_tl <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span> <span class="token number">0.2</span> <span class="token number">0.3</span> <span class="token number">0.4</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> delta_t2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">25</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">35</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">45</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hold on<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> hold on<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token keyword">for</span> number_i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">6</span> 
yl<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> t<span class="token operator">/</span>T<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
y2<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">/</span>T <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token function">delta_tl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>number_i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
y3<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">/</span>T <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token function">delta_t2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>number_i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yl <span class="token operator">+</span>y2<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;ro&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yl <span class="token operator">+</span>y2<span class="token operator">+</span>y3<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;go&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">end</span> 
<span class="token function">figure</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">xlabel</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;t/T&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">title</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4F59;&#x5F26;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;t/T&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">title</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x4F59;&#x5F26;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x540C;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x3001;&#x540C;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x3001;&#x540C;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x4F59;&#x5F26;&#x6CE2;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x76F8;&#x4F4D;&#x5DEE;&#x4EC5;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7">&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6027;</h3>

<p>&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x9E3D;&#x4E1D;&#x706F;&#x3001;&#x592A;&#x9633;&#x5149;&#xFF09;&#x5927;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x542B;&#x6709;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x767D;&#x5149;&#x3002;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x662F;&#x5E38;&#x89C4;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x94A0;&#x5149;&#x706F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x8F90;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x3002;&#x6FC0;&#x5149;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x3002;<br>
&#x82E5;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x4ECE;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x5230;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda+\Delta\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.77777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#xFF08;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x5CF0;&#x548C;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E3A;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda+\Delta\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.77777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x8C37;&#x5C06;&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x91CD;&#x53E0;&#xFF0C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x6D88;&#x5931;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6BB5;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L_c</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x3002;&#x5149;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x6BB5;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3C4;</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\tau_c</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.58056em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.1132em;">&#x3C4;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.1132em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x3002;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>&#x8D8A;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x6027;&#x8D8A;&#x597D;&#x3002;Lc ,Tc &#x65E0;&#x9650;&#x957F;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x5355;&#x8272;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span>=O &#x3002;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E3A;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L_c = \frac{\lambda^2}{\Delta\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.177108em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3C4;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mi>c</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\tau = \frac{L_c}{c}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.1132em;">&#x3C4;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">c</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0">&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6CE2;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;</h3>

<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
lamdal <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> lamda2<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4.5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resultl <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">zeros</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4001</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">resultl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">resultl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">x</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lamdal<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">x</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lamda2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">end</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resultl<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r-&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;x&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;E(x)&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hold on
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>resultl<span class="token operator">.*</span> resultl<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r- &apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;I(x)&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;x&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7">&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6027;</h3>

<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x662F;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x6216;&#x591A;&#x6216;&#x5C11;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x6027;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#xFF1B;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5176;&#x6CE2;&#x52A8;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#xFF0C;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x4E5F;&#x4E92;&#x4E0D;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#xFF0C;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x7B49;&#x5343;&#x5404;&#x675F;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x4E4B;&#x548C;&#x3002;</p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E8%A1%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D">&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;&#x5BF9;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x886C;&#x6BD4;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E8%A1%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x70B9;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x6781;&#x9650;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta x = \frac{\Delta x}{2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.217331em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.872331em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x9762;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x6781;&#x9650;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>b</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>R</mi><mi>D</mi></mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">b_0 = \frac{R}{D} \Delta x = \frac{R}{d}\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%BA%A6%E6%8E%A8%E5%AF%BC.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x4E24;&#x70B9;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x7684;&#x6768;&#x6C0F;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x70B9;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear
lambda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.05</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Z<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Y<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.01</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
X<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
theta<span class="token operator">=</span> Y<span class="token operator">/</span> X<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> s2<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1.5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> s3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2.25</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> s4 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2.6</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">%&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x95F4;&#x8DDD;</span>
phi1 <span class="token operator">=</span> s1 <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> phi2<span class="token operator">=</span> s2<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> phi3<span class="token operator">=</span> s3 <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> phi4<span class="token operator">=</span> s4<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">% &#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x5939;&#x89D2;</span>
p<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> d <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2.</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> d <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">%&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;</span>
IO <span class="token operator">=</span> p<span class="token operator">.*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I1 <span class="token operator">=</span> p<span class="token operator">.*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I2<span class="token operator">=</span> p<span class="token operator">.*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I3<span class="token operator">=</span> p<span class="token operator">.*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I4<span class="token operator">=</span> p<span class="token operator">.*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi4<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I1<span class="token operator">=</span> IO<span class="token operator">+</span> I1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">%&#x603B;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;</span>
I2 <span class="token operator">=</span> IO <span class="token operator">+</span> I2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">% &#x603B;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;</span>
I3 <span class="token operator">=</span> IO <span class="token operator">+</span> I3<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">% &#x603B;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;</span>
l4<span class="token operator">=</span>IO <span class="token operator">+</span> I4 <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">% &#x603B;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;</span>
figure <span class="token comment">%&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x56FE;&#x5F62;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;</span>

<span class="token function">axis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">006</span> <span class="token number">0.</span> <span class="token number">006</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">,</span>I1<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">legend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;s=0&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I2 <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">legend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;s=l. 5&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I3<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">legend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;s=2. 25&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I4<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">legend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;s=2. 6&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&apos;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5C4F;&#x4E0A;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;Y(mm)&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&apos;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;I&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E4%B8%A4%E7%82%B9%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7">&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6027;</h4>

<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x4E86;&#x6768;&#x6C0F;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x4E2D;&#x5149;&#x6E90;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;&#x5BF9;&#x886C;&#x6BD4;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>b</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><msub><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><msub><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mtext>&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5B54;&#x5F84;&#x89D2;</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">b_0 = \frac{R}{d}\lambda\\
b \Delta \theta_0 \approx \lambda\\
\Delta \theta_0 &#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5B54;&#x5F84;&#x89D2;</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.84444em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x662F;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x76F8;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x5E72;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x8303;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x56F4;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x5B54;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x5F84;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x89D2;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BE%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89">&#x7B49;&#x503E;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BE%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%85%89%E7%A8%8B%E5%B7%AE.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x7A0B;&#x5DEE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta L = 2nh\cos i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear
rm<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
R<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>rm<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">:</span>rm<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
D<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.01</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
r<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.85</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lambda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>X<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Y<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">meshgrid</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>R<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
R<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>X<span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Y<span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span> R<span class="token operator">./</span> f<span class="token punctuation">;</span>a
phi<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> D <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
F <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> r<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">-</span>r<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

I<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1.</span><span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> F<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2.</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phi<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">I</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>R<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> nan<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token function">imshow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>I<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BE%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AD%89%E5%8E%9A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89">&#x7B49;&#x539A;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%89%E7%A8%8B%E5%B7%AE%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x7A0B;&#x5DEE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta L = 2nh\cos i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear
alpha<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.02</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lambda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.01</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">1.5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> x <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">tan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
fs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
figure
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos; &#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x8DDD;&#x68F1;&#x7EBF;&#x7684;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;x&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;fontsize&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">&apos;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;I&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;fontsize&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
axis off

</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E7%AD%89%E5%8E%9A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF">&#x725B;&#x987F;&#x73AF;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x7B2C;N&#x4E2A;&#x6697;&#x73AF;&#x5E94;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msubsup><mi>r</mi><mi>N</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R = \frac{r_N^2}{N\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.177108em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.424669em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.275331em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA">&#x8FC8;&#x514B;&#x5C14;&#x900A;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x4EEA;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F.png" alt="alt"></p>
<p>&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x7B49;&#x503E;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x65F6;&#x4E24;&#x677F;&#x5E73;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x7B49;&#x539A;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x65F6;&#x4E24;&#x677F;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C0F;&#x5939;&#x89D2;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7B49;&#x539A;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
D<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.027</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.00001</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.0325</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lambda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
theta<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> D<span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>D<span class="token punctuation">,</span>I<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;D&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos; &#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;I&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA%E7%AD%89%E5%8E%9A%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x7B49;&#x503E;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
D<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.03</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lambda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
theta<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">0.301</span> <span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.001</span> <span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> D<span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> lambda<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>theta<span class="token punctuation">,</span>I<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&apos;r--&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;D&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos; &#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;I&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BE%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9.png" alt></p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86">&#x60E0;&#x66F4;&#x65AF;&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x539F;&#x7406;</h3>

<p>&#x6CE2;&#x524D;&#x2211;&#x4E0A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9762;&#x6E90;d&#x2211;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x6210;&#x662F;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC3;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x53D1;&#x51FA;&#x6B21;&#x6CE2;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;P&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6B21;&#x6CE2;&#x5728;&#x8BE5;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x79EF;&#x5206;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F.png" alt="alt"></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86">&#x5DF4;&#x6BD4;&#x6D85;&#x539F;&#x7406;</h3>

<p>&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E92;&#x8865;&#x5C4F;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x573A;&#x590D;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x4E4B;&#x548C;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x5C4F;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x590D;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x548C;&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%82%8D%E8%BD%B4%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC">&#x508D;&#x8F74;&#x8FD1;&#x4F3C;</h4>

<p>&#x82E5;&#x70B9;&#x5149;&#x6E90;P0&#x548C;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x70B9;P&#x5230;&#x5C4F;&#x7684;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x4E0E;&#x5B54;&#x5F84;&#x5C3A;&#x5BF8;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>&#x3C1;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\cos(n,\rho)-\cos(n,r) \approx 2\\
\frac{1}{r\rho} = \frac{1}{r_0\rho_0}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x8FD1;&#x4F3C;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC">&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x8FD1;&#x4F3C;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E5%9F%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA">&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5728;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x793A;</h3>

<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84-1">&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9F%A9%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x77E9;&#x5B54;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E7%9F%A9%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84.png" alt></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
lamda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">632.8e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.01</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
y<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> b<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">0.0001</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
lenm<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
lenn<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token keyword">for</span> m <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lenm 
<span class="token keyword">for</span> n<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> lenn 
alpha <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">x</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>m<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
beta<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">y</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> b<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token function">I</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>m<span class="token punctuation">,</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>beta<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>beta<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token keyword">end</span> 
<span class="token keyword">end</span> 
I<span class="token operator">=</span> I<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>I<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
figure 
<span class="token function">imshow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">255</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> I<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;x&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;y&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%9F%A9%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x7684;&#x592B;&#x6717;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h4>

<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#xFF0C;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x4E0E;&#x77E9;&#x5B54;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x65F6;&#x590D;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x79EF;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x56FE;&#x89E3;&#x6CD5;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%9D%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B3%95.png" alt></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">lamda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">632.8e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
m<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xm<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token operator">/</span>a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xs<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span>xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>m<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ys<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span>m<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">:</span>m
sinthi<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">xs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> f<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
alpha<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span><span class="token operator">*</span> ys <span class="token operator">*</span> sinthi<span class="token operator">/</span> lamda<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
sumcos<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
sumsin<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">col</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sumcos<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span> sumsin<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> m<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">end</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> col<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x7684;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6.png" alt></p>
<p><strong>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x88AB;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x53CC;&#x7F1D;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x3002;</strong></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear
lamda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">632.8e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
m<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xm<span class="token operator">=</span> lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token operator">/</span>a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ys<span class="token operator">=</span> xm<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xs<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>m<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
yl <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>a<span class="token operator">*</span> xs<span class="token operator">/</span> lamda<span class="token operator">/</span> f<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
y2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>yl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
y3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">cos</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> d <span class="token operator">*</span> xs<span class="token operator">/</span> lamda<span class="token operator">/</span>f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
y4 <span class="token operator">=</span> y2<span class="token operator">./</span> yl<span class="token operator">.*</span> y3<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ll<span class="token operator">=</span> y4<span class="token operator">.*</span> y4<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
n<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I_gray<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ll <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ll<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> n<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ys<span class="token punctuation">,</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I_gray<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%9A%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x591A;&#x7F1D;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%B7.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x591A;&#x7F1D;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x56FE;&#x89E3;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%BC%9D%E9%97%B4%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97.png" alt></p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BC%9D%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x591A;&#x7F1D;&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x70B9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x66F2;&#x7EBF;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x7EDC;&#x4E0E;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;</li>
</ol>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>&#x3C0;</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow><mi>b</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sin(\frac{\pi bx}{\lambda f}) = 0\Rightarrow x = \frac{k\lambda f}{b}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.25188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mop">sin</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.0574399999999997em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>&#x5728;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x7EC6;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x9634;&#x6697;&#x76F8;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4EAE;&#x5EA6;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x8F83;&#x5F3A;&#x7684;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x8BE5;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;</li>
</ol>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>&#x3C0;</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>j</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow><mi>d</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sin(\frac{\pi dx}{\lambda f}) = 0\Rightarrow x = \frac{j\lambda f}{d}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.25188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mop">sin</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x21D2;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.0574399999999997em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>&#x6BCF;&#x6761;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5BBD;&#x5EA6;&#x968F;N&#x7684;&#x589E;&#x5927;&#x800C;&#x51CF;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x4E0E;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>N</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&#x6210;&#x6B63;&#x6BD4;</li>
<li>&#x76F8;&#x90BB;&#x4E3B;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x6709;N-1&#x4E2A;&#x6697;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;N-2&#x4E2A;&#x6B21;&#x6781;&#x5927;</li>
<li>&#x82E5;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x6781;&#x5927;&#x6070;&#x597D;&#x5728;&#x5355;&#x7F1D;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x6697;&#x6761;&#x7EB9;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;b/k=d/j&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x4E3A;0&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7F3A;&#x7EA7;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear
lamda<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">632.8e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1e-3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
N<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
m<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xm<span class="token operator">=</span> lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token operator">/</span>a<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ys<span class="token operator">=</span>xm<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xs<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span>xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>xm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>m<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> m
    sinthi<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">xs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> f<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
alpha<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>a<span class="token operator">*</span> sinthi<span class="token operator">/</span>lamda<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
beta<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> d <span class="token operator">*</span> sinthi<span class="token operator">/</span>lamda<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">I</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">./</span> alpha<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>N <span class="token operator">*</span> beta<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">./</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">sin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>beta<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
i1 <span class="token operator">=</span> I<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>I<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">end</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
n<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
I_gray<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i1 <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> n<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ys<span class="token punctuation">,</span> I_gray<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E5%9C%86%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x592B;&#x7405;&#x548C;&#x8D39;&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p>&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>J</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mi>x</mi></mfrac><msup><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I(\theta) = I_0[\frac{2J_1(x)}{x}]^2
\\
x = \frac{2\pi a}{\lambda}\sin\theta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.113em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.09618em;">J</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.09618em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">sin</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span></span><br>
J(x) &#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x9636;&#x8D1D;&#x585E;&#x8033;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</p>
<p>&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x7EA7;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x73ED;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x827E;&#x91CC;&#x6591;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x7528;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6697;&#x73AF;&#x89D2;&#x534A;&#x5F84;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta\theta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span>&#x6765;&#x8861;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.61</mn><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>a</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>1.22</mn><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>d</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Delta\theta = 0.61\frac{\lambda}{a} = 1.22\frac{\lambda}{d}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="matlab" class="language-matlab">clear all
close all
clc
lamda<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">632.8e-9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0005</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
m<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ym<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4000</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> lamda <span class="token operator">*</span> f<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ys<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">linspace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> ym<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ym<span class="token punctuation">,</span> m<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
xs<span class="token operator">=</span> ys<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
n<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token number">i</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span> m
r<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">xs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span>ys<span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
sinth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token operator">./</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token operator">+</span>f<span class="token operator">^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
x<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">pi</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> a <span class="token operator">*</span> sinth<span class="token operator">./</span> lamda<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hh<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">besselj</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">./</span> x<span class="token operator">.^</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">b</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">i</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> hh<span class="token operator">&apos;</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">end</span>
<span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
b_1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">255</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> b<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ys<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b_1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">b_1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> m<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;Rsin\theta/ \lambda&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;I/I_max&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">figure</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

log_b<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
log_b<span class="token operator">=</span>log_b<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token function">abs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>log_b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
b_1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">255</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> log_b<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>log_b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">image</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ys<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b_1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">colormap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">subplot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">plot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">b_1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> m<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">xlabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;Rsin\theta/ \lambda&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">ylabel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;I/ I_max&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</pre><p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E5%9C%86%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E6%9C%AC%E9%A2%86">&#x51E0;&#x79CD;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;</h3>

<ol>
<li>
<p>&#x4EBA;&#x773C;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x89D2;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>&#x3B1;</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mn>1.22</mn><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\alpha_e \approx 1.22\frac{\lambda}{D_e}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.63312em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.0037em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>&#x671B;&#x8FDC;&#x955C;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x89D2;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B1;</mi><mo>&#x2248;</mo><mn>1.22</mn><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>D</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\alpha \approx 1.22\frac{\lambda}{D}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.48312em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2248;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>&#x7167;&#x76F8;&#x7269;&#x955C;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mi>&#x3F5;</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x2032;</mo></msup></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>1.22</mn><mi>f</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N = \frac{1}{\epsilon&apos;} = \frac{D}{1.22f\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3F5;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.6778919999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.9890000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">&#x2032;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.2407700000000004em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;<br>
<span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>&#x3F5;</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x2032;</mo></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>1.22</mn><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>D</mi></mfrac><mi>d</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\epsilon&apos; = 1.22\frac{\lambda}{D}d</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.801892em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3F5;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">&#x2032;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">D</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%9C%86%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x884D;&#x5C04;</h3>

<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%95">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x6CD5;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%8A%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%95.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;&#x5F97;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x534A;&#x5F84;&#x4E0E;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mfrac><mrow><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&#x3C1;</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R_m^2 = \frac{\rho m\lambda b}{\rho+b}
\\
m = \frac{R_m^2}{\lambda}\frac{\rho+b}{\rho b}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1111079999999998em;vertical-align:-0.247em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.00773em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.25188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.371548em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.00773em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">m</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.247em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B3%95">&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x56FE;&#x89E3;&#x6CD5;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B3%95.png" alt></p>
<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%A6%E7%89%87">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x7247;</h4>

<p>&#x5728;&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x5706;&#x5B54;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x76F8;&#x90BB;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x62B5;&#x6D88;&#x3002;&#x82E5;&#x5C06;N &#x4E2A;&#x5947;&#x6570;&#x5E26;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x5076;&#x6570;&#x5E26;&#xFF09;&#x6321;&#x4F4F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x7559;&#x4E0B;&#x5076;&#x6570;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x5947;&#x6570;&#x5E26;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x4E3A;2Na1 &#xFF08;a1 &#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x524D;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E0D;&#x88AB;&#x6321;&#x4F4F;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#x5219;&#x53D8;&#x4E3A;4N^2I0&#x3002;(I0&#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x524D;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E0D;&#x88AB;&#x6321;&#x4F4F;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5F3A;&#xFF09; &#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x5C06;&#x5947;&#x6570;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x6216;&#x5076;&#x6570;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x6321;&#x4F4F;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x7247;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mi>&#x3C1;</mi></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mi>b</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>N</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{1}{\rho} + \frac{1}{b} = \frac{N\lambda}{R_N^2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3C1;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.350971em;vertical-align:-0.9795309999999999em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7959080000000001em;"><span style="top:-2.4064690000000004em;margin-left:-0.00773em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29353099999999993em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9795309999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x4E0E;&#x900F;&#x955C;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x89C6;&#x4E3A;&#x6CE2;&#x5E26;&#x7247;&#x5BF9;&#x8F74;&#x4E0A;&#x7269;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E6%A0%85%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E4%BB%AA">&#x5149;&#x6805;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x4EEA;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d\sin\theta = k\lambda</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">sin</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x672C;&#x9886;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{d\theta}{d\lambda} = \frac{m}{d\cos\theta}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.7935600000000003em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x7EBF;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#xFF1A;</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{dl}{d\lambda} = f\frac{d\theta}{d\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;</li>
</ul>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;</mi><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = \frac{\lambda}{\Delta \lambda} = mN</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.05744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">&#x394;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x6805;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x672C;&#x9886;&#x53EA;&#x4E0E;m&#x548C;N&#x6709;&#x5173;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x6805;&#x5E38;&#x6570;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x56DB;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6">&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x5149;&#x5B66;</h3>

<p>&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E24;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x4EEA;&#x4E2D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF1A;&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x56FE;-&gt;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x56FE;</li>
<li>&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6210;&#x8C61;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x548C;&#x975E;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF1A;&#x7269;-&gt;&#x50CF;</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87">&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x9891;&#x7387;</h3>

<p>&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x9891;&#x57DF;&#x4E2D;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x4EAE;&#x5EA6;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x5149;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#x4F4E;&#x9891;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#x548C;&#x6025;&#x5267;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x5149;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x9891;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x5728;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5448;&#x6B63;&#x5F26;&#x6216;&#x4F59;&#x5F26;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x7684;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x91CF;&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x5185;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x7684;&#x6B21;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x90BB;&#x4E24;&#x6761;&#x7EBF;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;d&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#xFF0C;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x5012;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;f=1/d&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5355;&#x4F4D;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x9891;&#x7387;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87.png" alt></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B1;</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f_x = \cos\alpha / d</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x6CE2;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x9891;&#x7387;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B1;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B2;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f_x = \frac{\cos\alpha}{\lambda} \\
f_y = \frac{\cos\beta}{\lambda}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.7935600000000003em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.10756em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.0574399999999997em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05278em;">&#x3B2;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;cosa&#x548C;cosb&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x4E3A;x&#x548C;y&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4F59;&#x5F26;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;</h3>

<ol>
<li>&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x6027;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x4F4D;&#x79FB;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x7EF4;&#x7EB3;&#x8F9B;&#x94A6;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%9B%E9%92%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x5DF4;&#x4F10;&#x585E;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%A1%9E%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x4E24;&#x6B21;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%A4%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
<li>&#x77E9;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%9F%A9%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F">&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6A21;&#x62DF;</h3>

<h4 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9B%B8%E7%A7%BB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">&#x76F8;&#x79FB;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;</h4>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%9B%B8%E7%A7%BB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="4-f%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">4-f&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;</h3>

<p><a href="https://wenku.baidu.com/view/83fba8b60b4c2e3f56276361.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">4-f&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x63A8;&#x5BFC;--&#x767E;&#x5EA6;&#x6587;&#x5E93;</a></p>
<p>&#x7B80;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#x4E4B;&#xFF0C;4-f&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x76F8;&#x8DDD;&#x4E3A;2f&#x7684;&#x7126;&#x8DDD;&#x4E3A;f&#x7684;&#x8584;&#x900F;&#x955C;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;L1&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x7126;&#x9762;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;E1&#xFF0C;&#x5728;L1&#x540E;&#x7126;&#x9762;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;E2&#xFF08;&#x9891;&#x8C31;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;E2&#x540E;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x9891;&#x8C31;&#x7684;&#x4E58;&#x79EF;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5728;L2&#x540E;&#x7126;&#x9762;&#x5C31;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4E86;e1*e2&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%8A%BD%E6%A0%B7%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86">&#x62BD;&#x6837;&#x5B9A;&#x7406;</h3>

<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x9632;&#x6B62;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x9891;&#x8C31;&#x6DF7;&#x53E0;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>y</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{1}{\delta x} \geq 2B_x \\
\frac{1}{\delta y} \geq 2B_y</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2265;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05017em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20188em;vertical-align:-0.8804400000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8804400000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&#x2265;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05017em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%A6%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%9A%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2">&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x62E6;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x548C;&#x4F4E;&#x901A;&#x6EE4;&#x6CE2;</h3>

<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x5B54;&#x5F84;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x9650;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x7269;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6CE2;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x4EEA;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x7684;&#x5939;&#x89D2;&#x3B8;&#x7684;&#x589E;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x9AD8;&#x9891;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x6CE2;&#x88AB;&#x5149;&#x9611;&#x62E6;&#x6389;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x4EEA;&#x5668;&#x662F;&#x4F4E;&#x901A;&#x6EE4;&#x6CE2;&#x5668;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0">&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x548C;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mtext>&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x622A;&#x6B62;&#x9891;&#x7387;</mtext><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f_x = \frac{NA}{\lambda} &#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x622A;&#x6B62;&#x9891;&#x7387;
\\</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.04633em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.36033em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x76F8;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x5E72;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x7CFB;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x7EDF;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x7684;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x622A;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x6B62;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x9891;</span><span class="mord cjk_fallback">&#x7387;</span></span><span class="mspace newline"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x7167;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;CTF&#x4E3A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>P</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H(f_x,f_y) = P(\lambda d_i f_x,\lambda d_i f_y)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0">&#x975E;&#x76F8;&#x5E72;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x548C;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x51FD;&#x6570;</h3>

<p>OTF&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{H_i(f_x,f_y)}{H_i(0,0)}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.363em;vertical-align:-0.936em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.10764em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.936em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E24;&#x5149;&#x77B3;&#x521A;&#x597D;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x5206;&#x79BB;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;OTF&#x503C;&#x4E3A;0&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x4E3A;&#x622A;&#x6B62;&#x9891;&#x7387;</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x4E94;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%8D%95%E5%B1%82%E8%86%9C">&#x5355;&#x5C42;&#x819C;</h3>

<p><img src="%5C%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%8D%95%E5%B1%82%E8%86%9C.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x4E3A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A_r = \frac{r_1+r_2exp(i\delta)}{1+r_1r_2exp(i\delta)}A_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.363em;vertical-align:-0.936em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.936em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>&#x900F;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x590D;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x4E3A;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>t</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A_t = \frac{t_1t_2}{1+r_1r_2exp(i\delta)}A_i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2805559999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">t</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.22808em;vertical-align:-0.936em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.29208em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.936em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x3B8;</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}2nh\cos\theta</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">cos</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F">&#x83F2;&#x6D85;&#x8033;&#x516C;&#x5F0F;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E8%86%9C">&#x591A;&#x5C42;&#x819C;</h3>

<p>&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x591A;&#x5C42;&#x819C;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x6548;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x5C06;&#x6700;&#x9760;&#x8FD1;&#x57FA;&#x7247;&#x7684;&#x819C;&#x5C42;&#x4E0E;&#x57FA;&#x7247;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x770B;&#x6210;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x5C42;&#x819C;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x51FA;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B49;&#x6548;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x5206;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x5C06;&#x6B21;&#x9760;&#x8FD1;&#x57FA;&#x7247;&#x7684;&#x819C;&#x5C42;&#x4E0E;&#x7B49;&#x6548;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x9762;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x53C8;&#x770B;&#x6210;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x5C42;&#x819C;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x51FA;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x632F;&#x5E45;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B49;&#x6548;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x5206;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x4EE5;&#x6B64;&#x7C7B;&#x63A8;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x6C42;&#x5F97;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x819C;&#x7CFB;&#x7684;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7CFB;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7387;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E8%89%B2">&#x5E72;&#x6D89;&#x8272;</h3>

<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8584;&#x819C;&#x7684;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x968F;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x800C;&#x5F02;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5F53;&#x7528;&#x767D;&#x5149;&#x7167;&#x5C04;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x6F02;&#x4EAE;&#x7684;&#x989C;&#x8272;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E8%89%B2.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%BC">&#x5E73;&#x677F;&#x6CE2;&#x5BFC;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%BC.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x5E73;&#x677F;&#x6CE2;&#x5BFC;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x5168;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;</p>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x516D;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%8F%8C%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84">&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;</h3>

<p>&#x4E00;&#x675F;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x5149;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5404;&#x5411;&#x5F02;&#x6027;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E24;&#x675F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;o&#x5149;&#x9075;&#x5B88;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#xFF0C;e&#x5149;&#x4E0D;&#x9075;&#x5B88;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%85%89%E8%BD%B4">&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x5149;&#x8F74;</h3>

<p>&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#xFF0C;&#x6CBF;&#x7740;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x4E0D;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x73B0;&#x8C61; &#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x7684;&#x76F4;&#x7EBF;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#xFF09;</p>
<h3>&#x4E3B;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x548C;&#x4E3B;&#x622A;&#x9762;</h3>
<p>&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x6784;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x53EB;&#x8BE5;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5728;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x6676;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6676;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6CD5;&#x7EBF;&#x4E0E;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x622A;&#x9762;&#x3002;</p>
<p>o&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0E;0&#x5149;&#x4E3B;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#xFF0C;&#x6545;&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#xFF0C;e&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x77E2;&#x91CF;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x5728;e&#x5149;&#x4E3B;&#x5E73;&#x9762;&#x5185;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x5939;&#x89D2;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x5149;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87%E6%9B%B2%E9%9D%A2">&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x66F2;&#x9762;</h3>

<p>&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x66F2;&#x9762;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5730;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E0E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6CE2;&#x6CD5;&#x7EBF;&#x65B9;&#x5411;k0&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7279;&#x8BB8;&#x5149;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x7684;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;</p>
<p>&#x8D1F;&#x5355;&#x8F74;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x66F2;&#x9762;&#xFF1A;<br>
<img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E8%B4%9F%E5%8D%95%E8%BD%B4%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87%E6%9B%B2%E9%9D%A2.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%95">&#x60E0;&#x66F4;&#x65AF;&#x4F5C;&#x56FE;&#x6CD5;</h3>

<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%95.png" alt></p>
<p>&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x753B;&#x51FA;&#x6CE2;&#x77E2;&#x66F2;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5305;&#x7EDC;&#x6CE2;&#x77E2;&#x66F2;&#x9762;&#x6765;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;o&#x5149;&#x548C;e&#x5149;&#x65B9;&#x5411;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%87">&#x6CE2;&#x7247;</h3>

<p>&#x5C06;&#x5355;&#x8F74;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x5E73;&#x884C;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x5207;&#x5272;&#x52A0;&#x5DE5;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x5E73;&#x884C;&#x3001;&#x539A;&#x5EA6;&#x5747;&#x5300;&#x7684;&#x8584;&#x6676;&#x7247;</p>
<p>&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x7ECF;&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;o&#x5149;&#x548C;e&#x5149;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x5149;&#x7A0B;&#x5DEE;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B4;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x3C0;</mi></mrow><mi>&#x3BB;</mi></mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><msub><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi></msub><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">&#x2223;</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\delta = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}|n_o-n_e|d</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03785em;">&#x3B4;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.00744em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">&#x3C0;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">o</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">e</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">&#x2223;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><strong>&#x6CE2;&#x7247;&#x53EA;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;</strong></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF%E5%99%A8">&#x8865;&#x507F;&#x5668;</h3>

<p>&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x8865;&#x507F;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x76F8;&#x5DEE;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%B6%85%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF%E5%99%A8.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%A3%B1%E9%95%9C">&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x68F1;&#x955C;</h3>

<p>&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x68F1;&#x955C;&#x662F;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x68F1;&#x955C;&#x95F4;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;</p>
<p><img src="%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%E9%80%8A%E6%A3%B1%E9%95%9C.png" alt></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%94%B5%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94">&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;</h3>

<p>&#x56E0;&#x5916;&#x52A0;&#x7535;&#x573A;&#x4F7F;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x82E5;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x5DEE;&#x4E0E;&#x6240;&#x52A0;&#x7535;&#x573A;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x65B9;&#x6210;&#x6B63;&#x6BD4;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x7EBF;&#x6027;&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x666E;&#x514B;&#x5C14;&#x6548;&#x5E94;</p>
<p>&#x82E5;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x7387;&#x5DEE;&#x503C;&#x4E0E;&#x7535;&#x573A;&#x5F3A;&#x5EA6;&#x5E73;&#x65B9;&#x6210;&#x6B63;&#x6BD4;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E8C;&#x6B21;&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x6216;&#x514B;&#x5C14;&#x6548;&#x5E94;</p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E6%97%8B%E5%85%89%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1">&#x65CB;&#x5149;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;</h3>

<p>&#x7EBF;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x5149;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x65CB;&#x5149;&#x6676;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x5149;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0E;&#x5149;&#x8F74;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;&#x5355;&#x7EAF;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x632F;&#x9762;&#x6CBF;&#x4F20;&#x64AD;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E3A;&#x8F74;&#x65CB;&#x8F6C;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x89D2;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x65CB;&#x5149;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;</p>
<p>&#x5149;&#x65CB;&#x8F6C;&#x89D2;&#x5EA6;&#x4E0E;&#x5728;&#x8BE5;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x6210;&#x6B63;&#x6BD4;</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>&#x3B8;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>&#x3B1;</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\theta = \alpha l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">&#x3B8;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">&#x3B1;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%A3%81%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94">&#x78C1;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;</h3>

<p>&#x5728;&#x5F3A;&#x78C1;&#x573A;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x7684;&#x73B0;&#x8C61;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x78C1;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x3002;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x6CD5;&#x62C9;&#x7B2C;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#xFF1A;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x5728;&#x5F3A;&#x78C1;&#x573A;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x65CB;&#x5149;</li>
<li>&#x5EB7;&#x987F;&#x83AB;&#x987F;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#xFF1A;&#x6DB2;&#x4F53;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28;&#x5728;&#x5F3A;&#x78C1;&#x573A;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x53CC;&#x6298;&#x5C04;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="mume-header" id="%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0">&#x7B2C;&#x4E03;&#x7AE0;</h2>

<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94">&#x5EB7;&#x666E;&#x987F;&#x6548;&#x5E94;</h3>

<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">&#x2032;</mo></msup><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x3BB;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mi>c</mi></mrow></mfrac><msub><mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo></mo><mn>2</mn></msub><mfrac><mi>&#x3D5;</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda&apos;-\lambda = \frac{2h}{m_0c}\sin_2\frac{\phi}{2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8852220000000001em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.801892em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">&#x2032;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">&#x2212;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3BB;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.20744em;vertical-align:-0.8360000000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.37144em;"><span style="top:-2.3139999999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8360000000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop"><span class="mop">sin</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3714399999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">&#x3D5;</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">&#x200B;</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E6%97%B6%E9%81%87%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE">&#x7ECF;&#x5178;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x5728;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;&#x5EB7;&#x666E;&#x987F;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x65F6;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;</h3>

<ol>
<li>&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x7ECF;&#x5178;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7535;&#x78C1;&#x6CE2;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7269;&#x8D28;&#x4E2D;&#x5E26;&#x7535;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x53D7;&#x8FEB;&#x632F;&#x52A8;&#x5176;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x53D1;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x9891;&#x7387;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x5165;&#x5C04;&#x5149;&#x9891;&#x7387;</li>
<li>&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x548C;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x89D2;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="mume-header" id="%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A">&#x5149;&#x5B50;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x5BF9;&#x5EB7;&#x666E;&#x987F;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;</h3>

<p>&#x5EB7;&#x666E;&#x987F;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x662F;&#x5149;&#x5B50;&#x548C;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4F5C;&#x5F39;&#x6027;&#x78B0;&#x649E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;</p>
<ol>
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">第一章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">物理光学方法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E8%A1%AC%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">相衬显微镜</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">基本原理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%AA%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="nav-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">四个特殊结构：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#11-%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E7%BB%84"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">1.1 麦克斯韦方程组</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">波动方程</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B9%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">亥姆霍兹方程</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E5%A4%96%E5%B7%AE%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">光外差探测</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%AF%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F"><span class="nav-number">2.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">证实电磁波的传播速度等于光速</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B"><span class="nav-number">2.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">物质方程</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">2.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">边界条件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A8%E5%AF%BC"><span class="nav-number">2.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">波动方程推导</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">2.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">平面波的波函数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92"><span class="nav-number">2.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">能量守恒</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E5%8E%8B"><span class="nav-number">2.10.</span> <span class="nav-text">光压</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%9A%84%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF"><span class="nav-number">2.11.</span> <span class="nav-text">光的偏振</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E7%9A%84%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6-%E8%89%B2%E6%95%A3-%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">2.12.</span> <span class="nav-text">光的吸收、色散、散射</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">第二章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">单色波的干涉</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">波的叠加原理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">产生干涉的基本条件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89"><span class="nav-number">3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">杨氏双缝干涉</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0"><span class="nav-number">3.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">两个单色波的叠加</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">时间相干性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%A0%E5%8A%A0"><span class="nav-number">3.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">波长不同的两个波叠加</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">空间相干性</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%BD%E5%BA%A6%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E8%A1%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D"><span class="nav-number">3.8.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">光源宽度对干涉条纹衬比度的影响</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.8.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">光源的空间相干性</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AD%89%E5%80%BE%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89"><span class="nav-number">3.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">等倾干涉</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AD%89%E5%8E%9A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89"><span class="nav-number">3.9.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">等厚干涉</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%AF"><span class="nav-number">3.9.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">牛顿环</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E4%BB%AA"><span class="nav-number">3.9.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">迈克尔逊干涉仪</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">第三章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">惠更斯菲涅耳原理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳衍射积分公式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">巴比涅原理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">夫琅和费衍射和菲涅耳衍射</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%82%8D%E8%BD%B4%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC"><span class="nav-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">傍轴近似</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC"><span class="nav-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳近似</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC"><span class="nav-number">4.4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">夫琅和费近似</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E5%9F%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA"><span class="nav-number">4.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">衍射问题在频率域的表示</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳衍射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">夫琅和费衍射</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84-1"><span class="nav-number">4.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">夫琅和费衍射</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%9F%A9%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.6.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">矩孔衍射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8D%95%E7%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%97%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.6.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">单缝的夫朗和费衍射</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8F%8C%E7%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">双缝的夫琅和费衍射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E7%BC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">多缝夫琅和费衍射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9%E5%9C%86%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">夫琅和费圆孔衍射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E6%9C%AC%E9%A2%86"><span class="nav-number">4.10.</span> <span class="nav-text">几种常用光学成像系统的分辨本领</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%9C%86%E5%AD%94%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">4.11.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳圆孔衍射</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">4.11.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳波带法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">4.11.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">矢量图解法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%A6%E7%89%87"><span class="nav-number">4.11.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳波带片</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E6%A0%85%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E4%BB%AA"><span class="nav-number">4.12.</span> <span class="nav-text">光栅光谱仪</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">第四章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6"><span class="nav-number">5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">傅里叶光学</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87"><span class="nav-number">5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">空间频率</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">5.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">傅里叶变换基本定理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%82%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%B6%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F"><span class="nav-number">5.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">傅里叶变换的光学模拟</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E7%A7%BB%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">5.4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">相移定理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-f%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="nav-number">5.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">4-f系统</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8A%BD%E6%A0%B7%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">5.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">抽样定理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%A6%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%9A%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2"><span class="nav-number">5.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">光学系统的拦光效应和低通滤波</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">5.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">相干成像和相干传递函数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">5.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">非相干成像系统和光学传递函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">第五章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8D%95%E5%B1%82%E8%86%9C"><span class="nav-number">6.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">单层膜</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">6.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">菲涅耳公式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E8%86%9C"><span class="nav-number">6.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">多层膜</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E8%89%B2"><span class="nav-number">6.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">干涉色</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%BC"><span class="nav-number">6.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">平板波导</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">第六章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8F%8C%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84"><span class="nav-number">7.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">双折射</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%85%89%E8%BD%B4"><span class="nav-number">7.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">晶体光轴</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#null"><span class="nav-number">7.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">主平面和主截面</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87%E6%9B%B2%E9%9D%A2"><span class="nav-number">7.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">折射率曲面</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">7.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">惠更斯作图法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%87"><span class="nav-number">7.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">波片</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">7.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">补偿器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%A3%B1%E9%95%9C"><span class="nav-number">7.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">偏振棱镜</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%94%B5%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94"><span class="nav-number">7.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">电光效应</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%97%8B%E5%85%89%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1"><span class="nav-number">7.10.</span> <span class="nav-text">旋光现象</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%A3%81%E5%85%89%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94"><span class="nav-number">7.11.</span> <span class="nav-text">磁光效应</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0"><span class="nav-number">8.</span> <span class="nav-text">第七章</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94"><span class="nav-number">8.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">康普顿效应</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E6%97%B6%E9%81%87%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE"><span class="nav-number">8.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">经典电磁理论在解释康普顿效应时遇到的困难</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A"><span class="nav-number">8.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">光子理论对康普顿效应的解释</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
            

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